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 {{ :howagbworks:glovebox.drawio.svg |}} {{ :howagbworks:glovebox.drawio.svg |}}
 +
 +  - Particle filter for inlet/outlet
 +  - holes for the gloves in front window
 +  - antechamber
 +  - pressure regulation
 +  - solenoid valve or bubbler
 +  - vacuum pump
 +  - oxygen sensor
 +  - moisture sensor
 +  - three way valve on antechamber
 +  - solvent filter
 +  - reactor
 +  - blower
 +  - cooler
 +
 +
 +Glove boxes are usually made of stainless steel, but there are also versions made of transparent polymer. There is at least one window with two holes (**2**) for the gloves. An antechamber (**3**) is used to put things in and take things out of the box while keeping oxygen outside. This is accomplished by evacuating the interior and flushing it multiple times using the three-way valve (**9**). Two particle filters (**1**), one for the intake and one for the outlet, prevent dust from entering or exiting the purification system. These filters must be replaced regularly. A pressure monitoring system (**4**) uses data from pressure sensors to maintain the pressure within predefined (and partially customizable) limits. If the pressure drops below the defined value, a solenoid valve opens to increase the pressure with fresh inert gas. If the pressure rises above the threshold, it needs to be relieved. This can be done by opening a solenoid/pneumatic valve (**5**) or a bubbler (**5**), or by using the vacuum pump (**6**). The excess gas is then released into the exhaust. A proper exhaust is needed to prevent harmful substances in the released gas from entering the room, as well as to prevent the buildup of an oxygen-deprived atmosphere inside the room. This must be considered when choosing a location for a glove box. Sensors (**7** and **8**) monitor the purity of the atmosphere inside. The most common sensors are for oxygen and moisture, but there are also so-called wet boxes, which only need to be oxygen-free and therefore do not need a moisture sensor. There are also sensors that monitor the amount of combustibles (e.g., solvents) in the atmosphere, as well as sensors that monitor nitrogen (needed in battery research).  When the atmosphere leaves the box through the outlet particle filter, it passes through a solvent filter (**10**). This filter removes solvents and other fumes from the atmosphere to protect the reactor filling and parts of the system. The most common variant uses activated carbon for this purpose.  It needs to be replaced once it becomes saturated. There are also models that use molecular sieves. The advantage is that molecular sieves do not need to be replaced and can be regenerated instead. The disadvantage is that this process requires a large amount of inert gas (around 80 bar). Next, the atmosphere flows through the core of the system, the reactor (**11**). Inside, copper-based pellets (green) remove traces of oxygen, and molecular sieves (blue) remove traces of moisture. There is also a heating element that heats the loading during the regeneration process. After the reactor is the blower (**12**), which powers circulation through the system. The blower generates a significant amount of heat. To prevent the box from heating up, a cooler (**13**) is usually installed right after the blower. The purified atmosphere then enters the box through the intake particle filter (**1**).